The Voice of God (Poem) Technical Education

Introduction of Poet:
Louis I Newman (1893-1972) is an American poet. He was born in province Rhode Island in the united States of America. He received his early education in Rhode Island, and then he studied at Brown University. He received his doctorate degree then appointed as a lecturer at the university of Columbia. He was a religious minded person, therefore, he wrote many books on religious subjects.

Question Answers

Q1. Who has composed the poem “The voice of God” and what do you know about the poet?
Ans: The poem “The voice of God” has been composed by “Louis I Newman”. He was an American poet. He was a religious man and this poem also shows his religious bent of mind.

Q2. Why did the author poet climb to the steeple? Why did God tell him to  go down again?
Ans. The poet climbed the steeple because he believed that God would be found of such high places. Therefore, he climbed up in order to have the honour of being close to God and hear His voice.

Q3. Why did God tell him to go down again?
Ans: God told him to go down again because he does not live only in the sky. He is every where, we may find Him by serving the suffering humanity and by removing their difficulties. The poet is trying to say that even a common man can find Him.

Q4. “ I dwell among the people” what does this line mean according to the poem” The voice of God”.
Ans: The poet wanted to hear the voice of God. He climbed the highest steeple in order to seek the nearness to God but God told him to go down and  mingle among the people. The experience of ascending the steeple taught the poet a lesson that the search of God is hidden in the services of mankind.

Q5. Say in your own words what do you think is the message of this poem.
Ans: Through the poem “The voice of God”, the poet conveys the message that God is present everywhere. He is all seeing and hearing. We may win His happiness by serving our fellow beings and by putting them at ease.

Q6. What is the central idea of this poem?
Ans: The poem “The voice of God” gives an idea that God is omnipresent that is He is present in the whole universe and if we want to gain nearness to God, we should love and serve the suffering humanity.

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Short Questions Answers of Computer History

Q. Define Abacus.

Abacus:
About 3000 BC, abacus was developed in China. It is also called “Counting Frame”. This is the simplest manual device which consists of a wires or rods. Arithmetic calculations are performed by manipulating the beads. The device is used for counting and doing simple arithmetic calculations.

Q. Define Naples’s Bones.

Naples’s Bones:
In 1612, John Napier designed a calculating device called Napier’s Bones, Which consisted of eleven bone or rods with numbers marked on them. Napier’s Bone helped a lot in calculation work regarding multiplication and division of large numbers.

Q. Define slide rule.

Slide Rule: 
Slide rule was invented by Ought red. It was very useful, simple an handy device. It was and analog device consisted of two scales. The division and multiplication of two numbers can be achieved by the morement of the cursor. It was extensively used in many counties by engineers, scientist and accountants.

Q. Define Pascal’s Calculators.

Pascal’s Calculators:
In 1642, a French mathematician Blaise Pascal developed a calculator. It was restricted to perform only addition and subtraction.
Gear Cogwheel and dails were used in Pascal calculator. This machine displayed numbers by rotation of a cogwheel.

Q. Define Leibniz’s Calculator.

Leibniz’s Calculator:
In 1671, Gottfried W.von Leibniz’s invented a calculating machine which could perform multiplication and division Leibniz machine was based on the same principle as Pascal’s calculator with an addition feature of a slider performing the shift mechanism.

Q. Define Jacquard’s Loom.

Jacquard’s Loom:
It was developed by a French textile manufacture goseph Marie Jacquard. It followed a mechanical method of controlling weaving of Looms to [produce complex cloth patterns by using a series of puch card. Punch was the first data storage device used to store data by punching holes in the card.

Q. Define contribution of Dr. Herman Hollerith.

CONTRIBUTION OF DR. HERMAN HOLLERITH.

In 1890, Herman Hollerith designed the first electric computing device. He also made use of punched cards in this machine. He also constructed a box to store data and an electronic magnetic counting machine to tabulate data.

Q. Define contribution of Howard H. Aiken.

Contribution of Howard H. Aiken:
In 1948, Howard H. Aiken developed an electromagnetic computer and named It Mark 1. Mark 1 is considered to be one of the first there computer because it could take information and instruction.

Q. Define ENIAC, ECVAC and UNIUAC-1. 

ENIAC:
ENIAC stands for Electronic Numeric Integrator and Calculator was developed in 1946 by John W. Mauchly and J.P Eckert.

EDVAC:
In 1950, John Von Newman brought a revolution in computer technology by introduction stored program concept on EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer).

UNIVAC-1:
In 1950, UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was developed and very soon its two improved models UNIVAC-1, UNICAV-2 were launched in the market.

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History of Mini & Micro Computers

MINI COMPUTERS

Mini Computer is also a type of digital computer. Its details are as follows:

Size:
Mini Computers are small in size. They are smaller than frame computers.

Application Areas:
These compact yet surprisingly powerful computer find their application in business, education and government. These computers can support multiple-users and multiple tasks like mainframes through the use of terminals.

Digital Equipment Corporation and Other Companies:
Digitals Equipment corporation introduced minicomputer in the mid 1960s. Other Companies such as Data general Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, IBM Corporation and Prime Computer also manufacture mini computer.

MICRO COMPUTERS

Micro computer or, as the are commonly called, micros or personal computer (PC’s) were developed in the late 1970’s.

Popularity:
Their popularity or wider usage is due to the development in micro electronics and the innovation of the microchip.

Size:
Micro processor are in expensive and every small in size and thus have reduced the size and weight of micro computers or personal computers.

VLSI:
A microprocessor is semiconductor very large scale Integrated Circuit (VLSI) having processing capabilities.

Application Areas:
Micro computer have a greater impact on some people and business than any other type of computers. Personal computer are widely used in thousand of applications.

Examples:
Examples are IBM PC, AT&T, PS/2 and Apple Macintosh microcomputers.

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Mainframe Computers History

Mainframe Computers

Mainframe computer is a type of digital computers.

Size and Requirement:
Mainframes are large-scale computers. Computer system of this size require very large rooms and other arrangements like cooling etc.

Speed and Memory:
Mainframes are very fast and have very large memory.

Working:
They are used by government and Large organization such as banks, airlines and universities where hundred of users can handle multi processing tasks at a time. This means that main frame is able to do different users at the same time.
For example: It is doing statistical analysis for one user and at the same time printing a report for the second user and financial statement for the third user and soon.

Example:
Examples of Mainframe computers are CYBER 176 and IBM 4341.

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Hybrid Computers History

Hybrid Computers:
A hybrid Computer is the combination of properties of both analog and digital computer these computers consist partly of the components of a digital computer and partly of as analog computer to combine the characteristics of the both types.

Speed and Accuracy:
The hybrid computer may combine the speed of an analog computer and memory accuracy of the digital computer.

Usages: 
They are special purpose computers, which are fast and accuracy. Hybrid computer help the user to handle both analog digital data.

Application Area:

1. Hybrid computer are used in Hospital to0 carry but medical investigation.
2. They are generally used in scientific application and in monitoring industrial processes.
3. They are used in telemetry, space ships and guided missiles.

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Analog Computers & Digital Computers

ANALOG COMPUTERS

Definition: 
An analog computer is the one that measured or processes data in a continuous form. A traditional watch or clack is an analog device an which time is represented in a continuous fashion.

Representation and Measurement:
Analog computers represent data continuously. It represent physical quantities like speed, weight, temperature etc.

Types of Signals:
Types of signal is continuously varying electromagnetic waves.

Mean of Transmission:
Means of transmission of analog signals without regard to their content.

No Use of Memory and Computer Devices:
Analog Computer has no memory and computing devices.

Speed:
Analog computers are very fast in processing and are used for real-time simulation.

Uses:
They are used for calculation and observation of physical quantities or their measurement such as temperature and speed.

Examples:
Examples of Analog computers are thermometer, barometer, speedometer of cars, rollmeters, ammeter.

DIGITAL COMPUTERS

Representation:
Digital Computers represent physical quantities with the help of digits or numbers. These numbers are used to perform arithmetic calculations and also make logical decisions to reach conclusion depending on the data they receive from the uses.
It represents data discretely as Os and 1s.

Convession:
It converts data into digits and then perform all types of operation on these digits.

Types of Signal:
Types of signal is sequence of voltage pulses overtime.

Means of Transmission:
Means of transmission is concerned with content of signals.

Memory:
It has memory and solves problems by counting precisely.

Classification:
Digital Computers can be classified into three groups:

1. Mainframe Computer.
2. Mini Computer.
3. Micro Computer.

Examples:
Examples of digital computers are IBM, PC and all other personal computer belongs to digital computers. 

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