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Q1: Explain all generations computer.
Ans: FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
Duration:
The duration of the generation is from 1945 till 1955.
Inventions and Developments:
Inventions of this generation are as follows:
Development Of IBM:
In 1955, IBM emphasized business problems and developed a vacuum tube computer called IBM-65. After it many other models were developed by IBM for example IBM-702, IBM-705 and IBM-709 etc.
Vacuum Tube:
The major invention of this period was vacuum tubes which were used as electronic components but they produced a lot of heat which became a big problem.
Input/Output and Storage Devices:
In this generation input/output devices were very slow and punch cards were used for data storing process.
Speed:
Computation were preformed in millisecond.
Supported Language:
Machine Language was used in this generation. At the end of this generation the assembly language
was developed.
Application Area:
These computers were used for record keeping and pay roll processing.
Advantages:
Ans: FIRST GENERATION COMPUTERS
Duration:
The duration of the generation is from 1945 till 1955.
Inventions and Developments:
Inventions of this generation are as follows:
- ENIAC: In 1946, the ENIAC (Electronic Numeric Integrator And Calculator) was developed as the result of military need.
- EDSAC: in 1949, the Britishers developed EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator)
- EDVAC: In 1950, John Von Newman brought a revolution in computer technology by introduction stored program concept in EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
- UNIVAC-1: In 1951, UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was developed and very soon its two improved models UNIAC-1, UNIAC-2 were launched in the market.
Development Of IBM:
In 1955, IBM emphasized business problems and developed a vacuum tube computer called IBM-65. After it many other models were developed by IBM for example IBM-702, IBM-705 and IBM-709 etc.
Vacuum Tube:
The major invention of this period was vacuum tubes which were used as electronic components but they produced a lot of heat which became a big problem.
Input/Output and Storage Devices:
In this generation input/output devices were very slow and punch cards were used for data storing process.
Speed:
Computation were preformed in millisecond.
Supported Language:
Machine Language was used in this generation. At the end of this generation the assembly language
was developed.
Application Area:
These computers were used for record keeping and pay roll processing.
Advantages:
- Vacuum tubes were used as electronic components.
- Electronic digital computers were developed.
- These computers were was the fastest calculating devices of their time.
- Computations were performed in milliseconds.
- Too Large in size.
- Un reliable
- Produced large amount of heat due to vacuum tubes.
- Air conditioning was required.
- Frequent hard ware failure.
- Constant maintenance was required.
- Non-portable.
- Commercial production was difficult and costly.
- Limited commercial used.
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